Pump combination



Nov. 29, 1932.

A. M. BABITCH PUMP COMBINATION Original Filed Dec. 12. 1927 2 Sheets-Sheet l IIHIHI Mi i! gjwuantcw, away/3w A. M. BABlTCH PUMP COMBIINATION Nov. 29, 1932.

Original Filed Dec. 12. 1921 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 I 122 gimme; @dAm72gLAM K W94 wt attozweg) Patented Nov. 29, 1932 ABRAHAM M. BAIBI'I'CH, OF FLINT, MICHIGAN, ASSIGNOR TO A C SPARK PLUG COMPANY,

OF FLINT, MIUHIGAN, A COMPANY OF MICHIGAN PUMP COMBINATION Application filed. December 12, 1927, Serial No. 239,477. Renewed March 23, 1932.

This invention relates to an internal combustion engine and has particularly to do with means for preventing the passage of crankcase oil between the piston and cylinder walls into the combustion chamber.

In the conventional internal combustion engine a film of oil is constantly maintained between the piston and cylinder wall. As

' the piston reciprocates, some of this oil is pumped up into the combustion chamber where it causes fouling of the combustion chamber and of the valves and spark plug. It is one of the objects of the present invention to prevent this fouling.

During the suction stroke of the piston, the greatly reduced pressure within the combustion chamber permits the atmospheric pressure within the crankcase to force part of this oil past the piston rings, so that the next upward stroke of the piston pumps the escaped oil up into the combustion chamber. This oil pumping becomes more serious as the wear of the parts causes the piston to fit the cylinder more imperfectly, and in time is likely to seriously impair the efficiency of the engine as well as causean unnecessarily high consumption of lubricating oil.

It has been proposed in the past to provide a hole in the cylinder wall adjacent the lower piston ring at lower dead center position, and

to connect this opening with the intake manifold by means of a tube. The intent of this arrangement was to use the intake manifoldsuction to draw off excess or loose oil before it could pass the first piston ring. However, the suction of this tube connected with the intake manifold must always be very considerably less than the suction of the combustion chamber on the suction stroke of the piston so that oil will continue to be drawn past the piston rings during the suction stroke. The arrangement described may even be a detriment since it may operate reversely and permit air to be drawn from the suction tube up between the walls of the pisgon and cylinder'into the combustion cham- It is an object of this invention to provide a positively acting pump for performing this function so that sufficient suction can be obtained to insure the withdrawal of excess oil from the region of the lower piston ring groove through an opening in the wall of the cylinder. This structure has the added advantage over the arrangement referred to in that it occasions no interference with the fuel mixture.

My invention further contemplates a valve in the opening in the cylinder wall and arranged to be controlled by the movement of the piston. By this arrangement, suction can be applied to scavenge the space between the piston and cylinder during only part of the stroke. In the particular embodiment disclosed, the suction is cut off when the piston is adjacent the upper dead center position. This is done because it is desirable to have the lower part of the piston well supplied with oil, since any excess will be drawn out before it can pass the piston rings. A further advantage of the cut-out is that it cone serves the suction of the pump.

My invention further contemplates a new and improved pump arrangement. I propose to operate the pump from the conventional fuel pump arm which is oscillated by the cam shaft. This arrangement has the advantage of eliminating parts and making possible a close and compact structure.

In the automotive vehicle of today there is an increasing number of appliances which are operated or rendered operative by means of a small pump. These devices include an oil scavenger as described, a hydrostatic fuel gauge, a windshield wiper, and others too numerous to mention. It is an object of the present invention to provide a new and improved operating means for a general purpose auxiliary pump.

Other objects and advantages of the invention will appear in the courseof the following description, taken in connection with the accompanying drawings and appended claims.

In the drawings:

Figure 1 is an end view, partly in section, of an internal combustion engine embodying my invention.

Figure 2 is an enlarged vertical section of p the connection of the suction tube with the cylinder, illustrating a modified form of my invention. I

Figure 5 is a View similar to Figure 4, but showlng another modified form of my invention.

Figure 6 is a view similar to Figure 3, but

showing the arrangement of the grooves provided in the embodiment disclosed in Figure 5.

.Figure 7 is an end view partly in section showing a slightly modified arrangement of the pump.

Fi re 8 is a partly diagrammatic view showing the auxiliary pump connected with a conventional hydrostatic fuel gauge.

Referring to the drawings, I have illustrated in Figure 1 a conventional L-head internal combustion engine including engine block 9, a crankshaft one of whose cranks is shown at 10, crankcase l1, connecting rod 12, piston 14, cylinder 16 and camshaft 18. Connected to one side of the engine block is the housing 20 within which the pump mechanism is carried.

The pump mechanism comprises a lever 22 pivoted to the housing 20 at an intermediate point 24 with its inner end resting on an eccentric 26 fixed on the camshaft 18. The other end of the lever 22 has pivotally connected therewith the lower end of the link 28 which is connected by means of a link 30 with the lower end of a reciprocable shaft 32. The shaft 32 is the operating plunger for the fuel pump disclosed in my copending application, Serial No. 123,370, filed July 19, 1926, to which reference may be had for further details. It is sufficient for the purposes of the present application to statethat as the camshaft 18 rotates during operation of the en ine, the eccentric 26 causes the lever 22 to oscillate about'the pivot 24 and to act through links 28 and 30 to operate the fuel pump.

Removably fixed on the under side of the housing 20, and sealed thereto by means of a gasket 50, is a housing or casing 34 provided with a downward extending opening 36 within. which is fixed the end of a pipe'38 connecting with a valve casing 39 formed in the wall of the cylinder 16,.as described more in detail below A four-way joint 41 is pro- Vided in pipe 38 adjacent valve casing 39 for attachment of pipes extending longitudinally of the engine. These pipes function as a manifold to which may be attached short tubes leading to the scavenging valve in the side of each cylinder. Loosely fitting w1th1n the opening 36 is a disk 40 which is radially serrated on its upper side. The disk 4() acts as an inlet valve for permitting passage of a fluid from the pipe 38 through opening 36 up into cylinder 42 but preventing mo ement in a reverse direction.

The lower end of the cylinder 42 is connected by a conduit 43 with a tube 44 extending from the crankcase 11 to the fitting 34. A spring-pressed outlet valve 45 is provided in the fitting connecting tube 44 with casting 34 for permitting passage of a fluid from the cylinder 42 into the crankcase but preventing movement in a reverse direction.

Slidable in the centrally disposed cylinder 42 is the stem of the vertically reciprocable mushroom shaped plunger 46. Within an annular groove about cylinder 42 and abutting the under side of the disk shaped head of the plunger 46 is a compressed coil spring 48. A boss 52 is provided on the under side of the lever 22 for pushing the plunger 46 downward during the downward movement of the outer end of the lever 22. During the upward movement of the outer end of the lever 22, the coil spring 48 forces the plunger 46 upward.

By the structure described, it is seen that oscillation of the lever 22 during rotation of the cam shaft causes the plunger 46 to reciprocate vertically and create a suction tending to draw into the fitting 34 any fluid there may be in the pipe 38, and to force this fluid through tube 44 into the crankcase.

In Figure 2, I have illustrated the cylinder as having cast integral therewith a valve housing 39 provided with a segmental spherical seat adapted to receive a ball 62 normally held in the seat by the coil spring 64. The housing opens into the cylinder at a point just below the level reached by the lower piston ring when the piston is in lower dead center position. The piston is shown as provided with a substantially vertical groove 66 extending axially from the lowest of a series of piston ring grooves 63 to a point just above, but spaced from, an inclined or tapered cam surface 68 in the lower part of the piston. The piston is of normal diameter adjacent its tapered lowered portion 68; and this is shown as so upwardly diminishing as to constitute it a guide groove, spaced from the groove 66. The amount of taper in groove 68 is such that the ball 62 becomes seated when the cylinder approaches upper dead center position while the depth of the groove 66 if provided. is

such that itserves as a preferred positive means to prevent seating of the ball 62. In this form of theinvention, the upper end of the groove 66 connects with the lower piston ring groove 63. In the lower piston ring groove 63 diametrically opposite to the valve casing 39 is shown a small hole 70 through the piston, to permit the entrance of air from the crankcase. By the structure described, it is seen that suction applied to draw the contents of the lower piston ring groove into the pipe 38 will operate during that part of the stroke when the ball 62 rides in the groove 66. While I have illustrated my invention as applied to a poppet valve engine, I desire it to be understood that the device is especially adapted for use with a sleeve valve engine in drawing off the excess oil from between the surface of the sleeve valve and the inner wall of the piston.

In Figure 4 I have illustrated a modified form of my invention which is somewhat similar to that illustrated in Figure 2, the difierence being that the vertical slot 66 shown in Figure 2 has been omitted and a circumferential slot or groove 9 provided in the inner wall of the cylinder and registering with the valve 60, 62. The depth of the groove 9 is indicated by dotted line 8. The valve 62 and groove are so located that the lower piston ring overlaps thegroove about half way at lower dead center position. If desired, aperture 70 may be omitted and one or more apertures provided in the wall of the piston below the piston ring, or the aperture provided in the groove 9 in the cylinder, the latter being feasible in the case of an air cooled engine. It is necessary only that such an aperture be substantially opposite the valve 60, 62 and that it register with groove 9 during at least a portion of the stroke of the piston.

The structure of the modification shown in Figures 5 and 6 may be the same as one of those described except that an additional circumferential groove 71 is provided about the piston below the lowest piston ring groove and it is from this groove that the oil is pumped instead of from the lower piston ring groove 63. The necessary hole (not shown) through the wall of the piston is in the groove 71 diametrically opposite the groove 66.

In Figure 7 I have shown a slightly modified form of auxiliary pump. Fixed over an aperture in the crankcase is the cap member 100 provided with openings for supporting a removable rivet or bolt 102 which extends through the cap 100 and casing 104. The actuating lever 106 is pivoted on the bolt 102 and is connected at the end remote from the camshaft 18 with the links 28 and 30 for actuation of the usual fuel pump (not shown in this view). Casting 108 fixed to the under side of casing 104 and separated therefrom by gasket 110, contains the pump mechanism.

/ An inlet valve 112 and outlctvalve 114 are provided in the lower partof casting 108. Threaded fittings 116 and 118 are provided so the pump may be connected with one or Figure 1. This structure provides means by even more of the mechanisms which may be,

which suction or pressure can be provided for use in any desired way.

In Figure 8 I have illustrated the auxiliary pump connected with a conventional hydrostatic fuel gauge. As is well known in the art of fuel gauges, the column of air between the fuel tank and manometer is likely to be diminished by variations in temperature, absorption of the air in the fuel, etc., and it is necessary to pump air into this columnat more or less frequent intervals in order to secure a correct reading. Various ways are devised to accomplish this end, such as the provision of a hand pump on the dashboard connection with the air column.

In this embodiment the auxiliary pump acts as a pressure pump instead of a suction pump. The pump is the same as that described in detail with reference to Figure 1 except that the lower part of the casting containing the inlet valve 120 is open as at 122. A tube 126 is connected with the pump cylinder by means of fitting 124 in the pump casting and contains a spring-pressed outlet valve 125. The tube 126 extends into fuel tank 128 and opens under the bell-shaped bottom 130 of the tube 132 connected with manometer 134. This arrangement insures a full column of air in the hydrostatic fuel gauge tube at all times.

I claim:

1. In combination with an internal combustion engine including a crankcase and a reciprocable piston, a groove about said piston. an opening in the cylinder connecting with the groove in one position of the piston, a valve in said opening, means for advancing a fluid therethruwhen said valve is open, a portin said groove angularly spaced from said opening, and means rendering reciprocation of said piston elfective in opening and closing said valve by direct engagement thereof.

2. In combination with an internal combustion engine including a reciprocable piston and a crankcase. a groove about said piston, an opening in said cylinder, an axially extending groove in said cylinder connecting with said opening, means for applying suction to said opening. an outlet valve in said opening, and means rendering reciprocation of said piston effective in opening and closing said valve by direct engagement thereof.

3. In combination with an internal combustion engine including a crankcase and a reciprocable piston, a groove about said piston, a port in said groove, an opening in said cylinder angularly spaced with relation to said port, means for advancing a fluid thru said opening, an outlet valve in said opening having a portion extending within the cylinder, said piston being shaped to alternately open and close said valve during reciprocation of the piston.

4. In combination with an internal combustion engine including a crankcase and a reciprocable piston, a groove in said piston, an opening in the cylinder connecting with the groove when the piston is in the inward part of its stroke, an outlet valve in said open ing, a port in said groove angularly spaced from said opening, and means rendering reciprocation of said piston effective in opening said valve when the piston moves inward and closing said valve when the piston moves outward by direct engagement therewith.

5. In combination with an internal combustion engine including a crankcase and a cylinder and a reciprocable piston therein, an opening in said cylinder, means for applying suction to said opening, a groove in said cylinder connecting with said opening during a portion of the cylinder stroke, means for admitting a fluid to said groove, and a valve closing said opening during a portion of the stroke of said therewith.

6. In combination with an internal combustion engines .including a crankcase and a cylinder and a reciprocable piston therein, an opening in said cylinder registering with the side of the piston during a portion of the stroke, a conduit connected with said opening, a pump connected with said conduit, and an outlet valve so seated in said conduit adjacent said opening as to be intermittently opened by engagement with surfacesv provided upon said piston.

T. In combination with an internal combustion engine including a crankcase and a cylinder and a reciprocable piston therein, an opening in the cylinder wall, a. conduit connected with said opening, means for applying suction to said conduit, a circumferential groove between the outer wall of the piston and inner wall of the cylinder and connecting with said opening during a portion of the stroke, means for admitting a. fluid to said groove, and an outlet valve in said conduit adjacent said opening, said piston being provided with cam means to vary the position of said valve.

8. .In combination with an internal combustion engine including a crankcase and a cylinder and a. reciprocable piston therein, an opening in the cylinder wall, means for advancing a fluid thru said opening, a groove ii-etween the outer wall of the piston and inner will of the cylinder and registering With said opening during a portion of the piston stroke. means for admitting a fluid to said groove. a valve. closing said opening during a portion of the stroke of the piston, and positive means, depending upon the position of said piston, for varying the opening-of said valve.

9. Inan internal combustion engine, a cylinder. a cylindrical element reciprocated therein during operation of the engine, 'a

groove between the walls of the cylinder and piston by direct engagement eeaaee CERTIFICATE or GORREGTiON.

Patent No. 1,889,429. November 29, 1932.

WILLIAM B.. WEEGAND, ET AL.

it is hereby certified that error appears in the printed specification of the above numbered patent requiring correction as foiiows: Page 4, line 12, claim 1, after "spongy" insert the word "or"; and that the said Letters Patent should he read with this correction therein that the same may content] to the record of the case in the Patent Office.

Signed and sealed this 21st day of February, A. D. 1933.

M. J. Moore. (Seal) Acting Commissioner of Patents. 

